Category: Extremism

Diversity, English, Extremism

A Pyramid of Hate Perspective on Religious Bias, Discrimination and Violence

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Jawad Syed and Faiza Ali Abstract This study provides a ‘pyramid of hate’ perspective on issues and challenges facing minority religious communities in social and political climates that bestow permission to hate. Previous research shows that adverse social stereotypes and biases, together with non-inclusive policies and practices at the level of the state, create an enabling environment that signals the legitimacy of public hostility towards a minority community. This paper argues that such climates of hate within and outside the workplace may be better understood by paying attention to the multiple levels of hate, i.e., biased attitudes, biased actions, discrimination … Continue reading A Pyramid of Hate Perspective on Religious Bias, Discrimination and Violence

English, Extremism

Global Extremism Monitor: Takfiri Islamist Violence after ISIS

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Executive Summary Physical victory does not equate to ideological defeat. Despite the eradication of ISIS’s caliphate across Syria and Iraq in 2017, the Takfiri Islamist group remains active, while 96 other Islamist extremist groups were tracked in 2018 by the Tony Blair Institute’s annual Global Extremism Monitor (GEM). Our research exposes how these groups pursue a campaign of violence to undermine and weaken institutional capacity. As with ISIS, they seek to enhance political vacuums and social fractures which can be exploited to create their own “state.” Unless global decision-makers comprehend the true vision of Islamist extremist groups, the violence will … Continue reading Global Extremism Monitor: Takfiri Islamist Violence after ISIS

English, Extremism

Takfiri Islamist Extremism in 2017: The Ten Deadliest Countries

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Violent Takfiri Islamist extremism struck 66 countries in eight regions in 2017. It claimed the lives of at least 84,023 people. Its grip reached every corner of the world. Islamist violence inspired people in countries from Russia and the United States to Mozambique, Austria and Gabon. Because this extremist violence did not affect all geographies equally, it is necessary to explore the distinct ways in which extremism manifested itself in different environments. Extremist ideology is the key driver of this violence, but unique social, political and economic contexts also affect the directions extremists take.1 Factoring in all these elements, the … Continue reading Takfiri Islamist Extremism in 2017: The Ten Deadliest Countries

English, Extremism

Who are the Taliban? – Thomas Ruttig

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The Taliban (meaning ‘students’ in Pashtun) is a jihadi movement based in Afghanistan, which ruled the country as ‘the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan’ between 1996 and 2001. The movement mainly emanated from Deobandi Islamist madrassas in Pakistan and received significant financial support from Saudi Arabia, UAE and Qatar. Localised “Taliban fronts” emerged within different mujahedin tanzim from the early 1980s onwards, particularly in Afghanistan’s south. They were organised by ulema or mullahs who mobilised their students into mujahedin fronts, and mainly fought autonomously. One of those petty commanders was Mullah Muhammad Omar who ran a sharia court and a small front just … Continue reading Who are the Taliban? – Thomas Ruttig

Diversity, English, Extremism

How Takfiri Islamist Extremists Target Civilians

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The Global Extremism Monitor (GEM) in 2017 recorded 6,310 civilian deaths deliberately caused by 47 violent Islamist militant groups in 1,510 attacks across 28 countries. In a manifestation of a brutal and warped ideology, these militant groups used calculated violence with varying objectives to target areas where members of the public can be reached and harmed. Using various statistical measures, the GEM has revealed significant differences between violent Islamist extremist groups operating in today’s fiercest conflicts. This chapter focuses on the violence administered by the most organised and distinct violent Takfiri Islamist organisations. The violence used by the Takfiri Islamist … Continue reading How Takfiri Islamist Extremists Target Civilians

Diversity, English, Extremism

Why Do Takfiris Destroy Historic Sites? – Mubaraz Ahmed

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The Temple of Bel in Palmyra, considered to be one of the most well-preserved structures in the ancient city, has joined the growing list of historic sites to be razed by ISIS. In 2015, satellite images released by the UN showing before and after the demolition reveal the sheer scale of the devestation. The city is one of the ancient world’s most important cultural centres and has stood for 2000 years. But ISIS’ actions are not just acts of extreme vandalism. The destruction is part of an overall strategy and ISIS makes clear that, in its eyes, it is religiously justifiable. In … Continue reading Why Do Takfiris Destroy Historic Sites? – Mubaraz Ahmed

Diversity, English, Extremism

ISIS Magazine Targets Sunni ‘Apostates’

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In the 2016 edition of Dabiq, ISIS takes aim at both Islamists and mainstream Sunni Muslim scholars. The issue presents edicts from medieval Muslim theologian Ibn Taymiyya, which sanctioned violence against the Muslim Mongols, as justifying war against fellow Sunni and Sufi Muslims. The view of Ibn Taymiyyah are often promoted by Takfiri Islamist groups within Salafi/Wahhabi and Deobandi sub-branches of Sunni Islam. ISIS, Taliban, Al Qaeda and other similar groups promote a Takfiri ideology and attack Sunni and Shia Muslims alike. Carrying the image of the deposed Muslim Brotherhood President of Egypt Mohammad Morsi with the heading ‘The Murtadd Brotherhood” (the apostate brotherhood), the tone of … Continue reading ISIS Magazine Targets Sunni ‘Apostates’

English, Extremism, Sufism

Sufism: An Alternative to Extremism? – Sarah Feuer

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On a quiet street parallel to the old city of Marrakesh, behind a large, beautifully crafted wooden door, is the Munya Association for the Preservation and Revitalization of Moroccan Heritage (Munya). It is little known, but for the founder and patrons, this small cultural association is a front line in the battle against Islamist extremism. I visited Munya one evening in early February. A group of twenty teenagers were seated in a semi-circle of chairs facing a young man donning a red skullcap and draped in a djallaba, the traditional robe worn by men and women throughout North Africa. He … Continue reading Sufism: An Alternative to Extremism? – Sarah Feuer

English, Extremism, Sufism

Takfiris’ Attacks on Pakistan’s Sufi Shrines

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The 2016 ISIS-claimed attack on a well-known Sufi shrine in southern Pakistan, which killed more than 80 people, once more demonstrated the violent ideology of the Takfiri jihadi group. While ISIS purports to be the vanguard of the Ummah, or global Muslim community, it is Muslims who are chiefly the victims of its violence. Sufi shrines are revered by both Sunni and Shia Muslims. Such shrines and Sufi leaders have been regularly attacked by Takfiri Islamist groups such as Al Qaeda, Taliban, ISIS, Lashkar-e-Jhangvi and other militant groups found within sections of Salafi/Wahhabi and Deobandi sub-branches of Sunni Islam. The attack was not … Continue reading Takfiris’ Attacks on Pakistan’s Sufi Shrines

English, Extremism, Sufism

What Is Sufism? – Mubaraz Ahmed

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Sufism may be best described as Islamic mysticism or asceticism, which through belief and practice helps Muslims attain nearness to Allah by way of direct personal experience of God. While there are other suggested origins of the term Sufi, the word is largely believed to stem from the Arabic word suf, which refers to the wool that was traditionally worn by mystics and ascetics. Belief in pursuing a path that leads to closeness with God, ultimately through encountering the divine in the hereafter, is a fundamental component of Islamic belief. However, in Sufi thought this proximity can be realised in this life. … Continue reading What Is Sufism? – Mubaraz Ahmed